珠海格力电器股份有限公司2010 年度财务报告分析 第一篇公司简介„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 第二篇 财务报告分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 一、资产负债表分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1、资产负债表水平分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 2、资产负债表垂直分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 3、资产负债表变动原因分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 4、资产负债表的对称结构分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14 二、利润表分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15 1、利润表综合分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15 2、利润表分部分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„19 三、现金流量表分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24 1、现金流量表水平分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24 1、现金流量表垂直分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„28 第三篇 财务效率分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31 一、企业盈利能力分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31 1、资本经营能力因素分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31 2、盈利能力历史分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„32 3、盈利能力同行业分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„34 二、营运能力分析 1、总资产周转率分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„36 2、营运能力历史分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„37 3、营运能力同行业分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„38 三、偿债能力分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39 1、偿债能力历史分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39 2、偿债能力同行业分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„41 四、发展能力分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„42 1、发展能力趋势分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„42 2、发展能力同行业分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„43 第四篇 杜邦分析模型„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 44 第五篇 财务报告综合分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 47 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 2010 年度财务报告分析 第一篇公司简介 成立于 1991 年的珠海格力电器股份有限公司是目前全球最大的集研发、生 产、销售、服务于一体的专业化空调企业,2010 年实现营业总收入608.07 亿元, 净利润42.76 亿元,连续9 年上榜美国《财富》杂志“中国上市公司100 格力电器旗下的“格力”品牌空调,是中国空调业唯一的“世界名牌”产品,业务遍及全球100 多个国家和地区。
家用空调年产能3000 万台(套),商用 空调年产能400 万台(套);2005 年至今,格力空调连续6 年全球销量第一。 作为一家专注于空调产品的大型电器制造商,格力电器致力于为全球消费者 提供技术领先、品质卓越的空调产品。在全球拥有珠海、重庆、合肥、郑州、武 汉、巴西、巴基斯坦、越南8 大生产基地,6 万多名员工,至今已开发出包括家 用空调、商用空调在内的20 大类、400 个系列、7000 多个品种规格的产品,能 充分满足不同消费群体的各种需求;拥有专利3500 多项,自主研发的超低温数 码多联机组、高效离心式冷水机组、G10 变频空调、超高效定速压缩机等一系列 “国际领先”产品,填补了行业空白。 在激烈的市场竞争中,格力空调先后中标2008 年“北京奥运媒体村”、2010 年南非“世界杯”主场馆及多个配套工程、2010 年广州亚运会14 个比赛场馆等 国际知名空调项目,在国际舞台上赢得了广泛的知名度和影响力,引领“中国制 造”走向“中国创造”。 “一个没有创新的企业,是一个没有灵魂的企业;一个没有核心技术的企业 是没有脊梁的企业,一个没有脊梁的人永远站不起来。”展望未来,格力电器将 坚持“自我发展,自主创新,自有品牌”的发展思路,以“缔造全球领先的空调 企业,成就格力百年的世界品牌”为目标,为“中国创造”贡献更多的力量。
珠海格力电器股份有限公司 2010 年度财务报告分析 第二篇财务报告分析(母公司报表数据) 一、资产负债表分析 1、资产负债表水平分析 单位:元 资产负债表水平分析(表1) 期末余额 期初余额 增减额 变动率 对总资产的影响 资产 流动资产: 货币资金 13,783,157,646.40 17,726,244,228.00 -3,943,086,581.60 -22.24% -9.41% 交易性金融资产 116,854,906.70 0.00 116,854,906.70 0.28% 应收票据 18,052,426,759.33 10,028,357,693.27 8,024,069,066.06 80.01% 19.14% 应收账款 924,896,126.90 702,744,700.85 222,151,426.05 31.61% 0.53% 预付款项 1,692,953,801.51 1,229,220,565.73 463,733,235.78 37.73% 1.11% 应收利息 181,544,781.35 66,460,604.19 115,084,177.16 173.16% 0.27% 应收股利 其他应收款 609,166,265.50 129,560,092.20 479,606,173.30 370.18% 1.14% 存货 9,096,724,345.57 4,423,963,935.81 4,672,760,409.76 105.62% 11.15% 一年内到期的非流动资产 其他流动资产 81,366,442.90 44,165,750.00 37,200,692.90 84.23% 0.09% 流动资产合计 44,539,091,076.16 34,350,717,570.05 10,188,373,506.11 29.66% 24.30% 非流动资产: 可供出售金融资产 持有至到期投资 长期应收款 长期股权投资 3,301,466,951.58 3,173,655,835.81 127,811,115.77 4.03% 0.30% 投资性房地产 37,794,549.97 36,725,089.39 1,069,460.58 2.91% 0.0026% 固定资产 3,055,380,985.76 3,118,711,597.82 -63,330,612.06 -2.03% -0.15% 在建工程 46,458,685.18 14,946,685.68 31,511,999.50 210.83% 0.08% 工程物资 固定资产清理 1,000,093.86 -1,000,093.86 -100.00% -0.01% 生产性生物资产 无形资产 230,451,621.84 231,952,879.59 -1,501,257.75 -0.65% -0.0036% 开发支出 商誉 长期待摊费用 递延所得税资产 1,461,691,903.62 994,913,206.45 466,778,697.17 46.92% 1.11% 其他非流动资产 非流动资产合计 8,133,244,697.95 7,571,905,388.60 561,339,309.35 7.41% 1.34% 资产总计 52,672,335,774.11 41,922,622,958.65 10,749,712,815.46 25.64% 25.64% 负债和所有者权益(或股东 权益) 流动负债: 短期借款 1,114,905,895.96 961,632,918.57 153,272,977.39 15.94% 0.37% 交易性金融负债 0.00 28,581,683.00 -28,581,683.00 -100.00% -0.07% 应付票据 2,642,571,398.50 5,702,549,245.71 -3,059,977,847.21 -53.66% -7.30% 应付账款 13,412,420,157.32 9,847,058,486.38 3,565,361,670.94 36.21% 8.50% 预收款项 14,522,112,943.56 9,395,181,981.43 5,126,930,962.13 54.57% 12.23% 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 2010 年度财务报告分析 应付职工薪酬577,579,765.65 495,709,121.07 81,870,644.58 16.52% 0.20% 应交税费 592,668,243.89 809,608,974.78 -216,940,730.89 -26.80% -0.52% 应付利息 15,004,270.94 4,793,057.35 10,211,213.59 213.04% 0.02% 应付股利 602,881.87 602,881.87 0.00 0.00% 0.00% 其他应付款 298,954,622.40 291,296,926.62 7,657,695.78 2.63% 0.02% 一年内到期的非流动负债 其他流动负债 8,858,155,347.21 6,205,309,195.87 2,652,846,151.34 42.75% 6.33% 流动负债合计 42,034,975,527.30 33,742,324,472.65 8,292,651,054.65 24.58% 19.78% 非流动负债: 长期借款 661,740,967.20 0.00 661,740,967.20 1.58% 应付债券 长期应付款 专项应付款 预计负债 递延所得税负债 52,266,813.15 14,407,485.63 37,859,327.52 262.78% 0.09% 其他非流动负债 4,259,795.70 5,200,000.00 -940,204.30 -18.08% -0.0022% 非流动负债合计 718,267,576.05 19,607,485.63 698,660,090.42 3563.23% 1.67% 负债合计 42,753,243,103.35 33,761,931,958.28 8,991,311,145.07 26.63% 21.45% 实收资本(或股本) 2,817,888,750.00 1,878,592,500.00 939,296,250.00 50.00% 2.24% 资本公积 202,511,852.56 185,891,479.73 16,620,372.83 8.94% 0.04% 减:库存股 专项储备 盈余公积 2,233,456,183.87 1,965,348,429.11 268,107,754.76 13.64% 0.64% 未分配利润 4,665,235,884.33 4,130,858,591.53 534,377,292.80 12.94% 1.27% 外币报表折算差额 所有者权益(或股东权益) 合计 9,919,092,670.76 8,160,691,000.37 1,758,401,670.39 21.55% 4.19% 负债和所有者权益(或股东 权益)总计 52,672,335,774.11 41,922,622,958.65 10,749,712,815.46 25.64% 25.64% 从投资和资产角度进行分析评价根据表1,可以对珠海格力电器股份有限公司(以下简称格力)2010 产变动做出以下分析评价:该公司总资产本期增加.46 元,增长幅度为25.64%,说明格力 本年资产规模有了较大幅度的增长。
进一步分析可以发现: 1、流动资产本期增加29.66%,使总资产规模增长了24.30%。非流动资产本 期增长了 7.41%,使总资产规模增长了 1.34%,两者合计使总资产增加了 .46 元,增长幅度为25.64%。 2、本期总资产的增长主要体现在流动资产的增长上。如果仅从这一变化来 看,该公司的流动性有所增强。尽管流动资产的各项目都有不同程度的增减变动, 但其增长主要体现在以下几个方面: 一是应收票据的大幅度增长。应收票据本期增长8024069066.06 元,增长幅 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 2010 年度财务报告分析 80.01%,对总资产的影响为19.14%。应收票据出现这种变化的主要是原因 是公司国内市场销售执行先收款后出货的销售政策,经销商以银行承兑汇票形式 预付货款,预收款项大幅增长所致; 二是存货的大规模增加。存货本期增加了 4673760409.76 元财务分析,增长幅度为 105.62%,对总资产的影响为11.15%。结合存货的明细账分析可以发现,存货的 增长主要体现为原材料以及产成品的大幅度上升,剔除存货跌价准备因素,存货 的增长主要是公司为了应对材料价格波动,主动调整生产计划、原材料及成品库 存量而导致的; 三是其它应收款的增长。
其它应收款本期增长了37200692.90元,增长幅度 为370.18%,对总资产的影响为1.14%。其它应收款的变动主要是因为年末应收出 口退税款及保证金增加所致; 四是预付款项的增长。预付款项本期增加了463733235.78元,增长幅度为 37.73%财务分析,对总资产的影响为1.11%。预付款项的变动同样主要是因为预付供应商 货款及基建设备款项增加所致 五是应收账款的增加。应收账款本期增加了222,151,426.05元,增长幅度 为31.61%,对总资产影响为0.53%。应收账款反映了企业销售规模,信用政策的 变化,结合存货,固定资产,营业收入等资料分析发现,该公司本年扩大了销售 规模,应收账款出现这样幅度的增长是正常的。 六是货币资金的减少。3943086581.6 元,减少了 22.24%,对总资产的影响 为9.41%。单就这一变化来看,货币资金的减少将降低企业的短期偿债能力,给 企业带来财务风险。当然对于货币资金的这种变化,还应当结合企业现金需要量, 从资金利用效果方面进行分析,才能做出正确的评价; 3、非流动资产的增长主要体现在以下几个方面: 一是递延所得税资产的增长。递延所得税资产本期增加了 466,778,697.17 元,增长幅度为46.92%,对总资产的影响为1.11%。
结合递延所得税明细账分析 可知,本年递延所得税资产的增长主要是由于预提费用的大幅度增长所导致。企 业本年销售规模扩大,因销售商品产生的产品质量保障费用导致预提费用上升是 正常的。同时,资产减值准备的计提也是导致递延所得税资产增长的另外一个主 要因素。资产减值损失的计提应当结合长期股权投资,固定资产,存货等项目进 行具体分析; 二是在建工程的增长。在建工程本期增加了31,511,999.50 元,增长幅度为 210.83%,对总资产的影响为 0.08%。在建工程的增长主要反映了企业正在扩大 生产规模,准备进行更进一步的扩张计划。结合在建工程明细账分析可知,企业
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